Okay kita dah masuk ke bab 3 ya.
Bab 3 ini bab metodologi, metodologi ini memang kita bila salah huraian, kalau
salah huraian memang slaah semuanya ya. Jadi, kalau kita lihat dalam bab 3,
okay, kita ada banyak subtopik, tujuannya supaya kita sendiri faham dan
pemeriksa juga pun faham, orang lain dimana-mana sahaja berada dalam Malaysia,
luar negara bila baca pun faham kerana kita huraikan cara kita menjalankan
kajian. Itulah namanya metodologi. Jadi disini kita lihat, kita ada banyak
subtopik ya, banyak subtopik disini iaitu pengenalan, reka bentuk kajian,
kaedah kajian. Kaedah kajian dibahagi kepada sampel, jika perlulah maknanya
kalau ada kita menggunakan sampel. Dan juga kita ada lokasi, kalau kita
menggunakan responden untuk kat sekolah ke, dekat mana-manalah, orang kampung
ke. Kemudian kita ada bahan ataupun instrumen kajian, kita ada prosedur,
analisis kerangka teori, kerangka konseptual dan juga kesimpulan. Okay seperti
biasa pengenalan kita, pengenalan kita tadi dalam satu perenggan, itu tak ada
masalahlah iaitu 3.1 pengenalan. Kemudian kita ada reka bentuk, okay reka
bentuk, dalam reka bentuk huraian itu pendek je sebenarnya, dalam satu
perenggan sahaja, kita jangan keliru ya. Kita cuma, dalam reka bentuk ni kita
cuma nak jelaskan bahawa adakah kita menggunakan kualitatif atau kuantitatif.
Jadi itu, kalau kita guna kedua-duanya kita jelaskanlah. Okay jadi kalau
misalnya awak nak buat rujukan sikit dekat sini, menurut siapa-siapa. Tapi
adalah wajar untuk tidak beri definasi. Nak buat apa kita bagi definasi,
definasi kuantitatif la kemudian kualitatif la, nak buat apa? Tak perlu beri ni.
Cuma kita memberikan bahawa sebab ingat ya bab 3 ni huraian tentang kajian
kita, kajian kita yang nak jalankan ni . Jadi dalam satu perenggan cerita pasal
kualitatif atau kuantitatif atau kedua-duanya. Kemudian kita masukkan ke 3.3
baru kaedah kajian. Kaedah kajian ni barulah yang kita nak jalankan kajian ini
ya, apa kaedah yang kita gunakan. Jadi kalau disini, kalau kita gunakan sampel
kita letaklah siapa. Okay kita bagi contoh ya kalau sampel kajian saya
menggunakan 20 orang pelajar, jadi saya kena pastikan bahawa saya kena huraikan
dengan terperinci iaitu, ni saya pakai sekolah rendah, lelaki berapa, perempuan
berapa, umur 9 tahun kena spesifik ya, kena spesifik. Yang laki perempuan tu
kena tulis berapa lelaki, berapa perempuan. Sekolah rendah ini, Pelajar sekolah
rendah kita dah cakap sekolah rendah kan kemudian ada satu lagi subtopik iaitu
lokasi. Lokasi ini kita kena letaklah, contoh saya, contoh ya Sekolah
Kebangsaan Serdang. Masalahnya sekarang saya tahu sekolah tu kat mana, okay,
pemeriksa tak tahu. Okay, pemeriksa tu mungkin 3 negeri lain mungkin dia tak
tahu kat mana. Mungkin kita kena letak koordinat, okay, dan lebih bagus letak
peta. Peta daripada google map ke, daripada apa yang jelas menunjukkan lokasi
sekolah ini daripada jalan besar daripada apa supaya “oo sekolah ni kat sini”.
Dan juga awak kena tahulah sekolah ini luar bandar ataupun bandar, kena jelas,
terperinci. Itu yang saya kata dalam metodologi ini kena terperinci. Jadi
lokasi. Kemudian kita ada bahan, tadi kita punya apanamani kajian ini tadi
tentang wacana tekstula skrip animasi. Jadi sekarang ini saya ada sampel, saya
ada lokasi, kajian ini memang, em sampel tu, kita ambil yang pelajar sekolah,
kita nak temubual pasal skrip animasi. Saya juga ada bahan. Okay, ataupun
instrumen yang saya gunakan. Jadi yang ini instrumen yang saya pakai tadi
animasi kan, animasi cerita rakyat. Jadi sekarangni ceritalah tentang bahan ni
cerita tentang Animasi Cerita Rakyat terbitan Dewan Bahasa Pustaka yang ditulis
oleh Normaliza Abd Rahim pada tahun ni. Ini animasi cerita rakyat ni saya yang
tulis ya dan lagu, lirik lagu, skrip semua saya yang buat ya. Dan diterbitkan
oleh dewan bahasa pustaka dan kalau nak tengok boleh tengok dekat google store
memang saya dah ada di google store. Ada 33 buah cerita dan 33 buah lagu, ni
promosi tiba-tiba. Okay ni sekarang ini bolehlah kalau sape sape nak tunjuk
kepada anak sedara ataupun jiran punya anak sedara atau jiran punya jiran punya
jiran punya anak sedara atau pun anak dia cucu diapun boleh. Murah je sebenarnya
kita jual dan semua itu, animasi itu saya yang buat, memang saya yang buat dan
dewan bahasa dan pustaka yang terbitkan maknanya bahasanya bagus dan cerita
rakyat ialah cerita rakyat melayu kita turun temurun.silalah tengok kat google
ya, google store dekat apple takde. Ya ampun. Okay, jadi sekarang yang bahan
ini tadi kita masukkan ini kemudian disini juga kita akan letak, ape, sinopsis
cerita rakyat, contohnya tajuk cerita rakyat nombor 1 iaitu cenderawasih.
Contoh ni. Contoh ya. Saya letak la sinopsis dekat sini. Saya perlu letak
sinopsis sebab sekarang kita perlu ingat, kita tahu cerita ni tapi pemeriksa
taktahu apa nama orang yang nak baca
tesis kita tak tahu, jadi kita letak lah sinopsis . Kalau misal cerita ni saya
ambil 20 cerita rakyat jadi amik 20 cerita rakyat letak kat sini , dalam ni
mesti letak . perlu letak kemudian kita pergi ke. Tadi bahan apa. Bahan
prosedur . Jadi prosedur kita ini kita kena letak kekadang ada, terpulang
kepada pelajar dan juga penyelia ya, ada prosedur yang dia letak dalam bentuk
poin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sampai 10. Ada yang letak dalam bentuk perenggan bermakna
kalau ada lima prosedur, letak lima perenggan. Boleh takde masalah. Asalkan
kita tau bahawa prosedur pertama ada kaitan dengan prosedur kedua , ada kaitan
dengan ketiga , keempat. Adalah kaitan. Janganlah nombor 1 awak kata , awak
ambil, awak panggil pelajar ataupun tadi ikut objektif 1 dia kenalpasti skrip
wacana tekstual. Awak ambil skrip animasi tersebut kemudian awak analisis
dengan menggunakan…Tiba-tiba prosedur kedua awak dah panggil pelajar, untuk
beri pendapat. Bilanya panggil budak tu membaca skrip tu , bila pulaktu macam
seolah langkah itu, prosedur itu, tiap-tiap langkah tu dah melompat-lompat .
Jadi salah. Jadi pastikan ini ni terpulang bentuk poin atau perenggan tetapi
pastikan ia mengikut macam mana awak jalankan kajian . Itu penting. Langkah
-langkah bagaimana jalankan kajian tu awak je yang tahu, orang lain semua
taktahu. Jadi kena langkah, satu satu. Okay balik kepada 3.5 merupakan
analisis. Analisis ni penting ya sebab sekarang ini kita ada 2 objektif. Jadi
awak huraikan mengikut objektif pun boleh. Jadi awak huraikan analisis pertama
digunakan dengan cara macam ni. Jadi disinilah awak akan letak awak buat coding
tadi. Ingat tak coding yang saya cerita kat dalam , dekat dalam bab 4 tadi.
Macam contoh, jap ye. Okay, contohnya awak dah buat coding SK1 hingga SK30
merupakan skriplah, skrip 1 skrip ni . S1 hingga S30, sampel 1 hingga sampel 30
. Jadi itu, jadi analisis ini awak kena jelaskan dan huraian tadi awak jelas tu
SK , ini biasa kadang-kadang orang buat dalam bentuk jadual, iaitu dalam maksud
nya sini SK maknanya skrip okay bermakna sk1 maknanya skrip 1 . Sampel tadi
awak nak pakai sampel 1 bermakna sampel 1 . Ini dia punya kotak . nanti huraian
awak ceritala SK merujuk kepada apa-apa dia , hurai hurai hurai. Sebab ini ni
coding ni penting. Sebab dalam data kalau takda coding coding kita nak letak ni
kita tak faham , takkanla setiap kali kita nak taip perkataan skrip satu skip,
dua skip tiga. Tak bolehlah macamtu kan . Dan juga yang ini pula sebelum awak dah ni, kena ada
la pulak satu lagi jadual yang menunjukkan
SK1 maknanya cerita apa? Cenderawasih. Okay SK2 cerita apa? Okay burung
pipit, contoh dia. Ini tajuk-tajuk daripada skrip. Skrip yang awak dapati
daripada cerita skrip animasi itu tadi. Kena letakni lah lepastu hurai, letak
hurai. Kemudian bawah tu barulah awak ceritakan macam mana awak analisis data
tersebut. Berikan contohmacam mana awak analisis. Jadi yang ini kadang-kadang
pelajar pandai, dia tengokbab 4. Okay macam mana dia bawak tu bab 4 itu sikit
kat sini, contoh analisis supaya pemeriksa faham. Oh begini cara dia analisis
rupanya untuk objektif satu. Oh begini cara dia analisis untuk objektif dua.
Asingkan cara awak nak huraikan tentang analisis objektif satu dengan objektif
dua dan objektif ketiga. Disitulah yang pemeriksa akan faham cara analisis data
ini ya. Seterusnya setelah dia buat macam mana analisis, kita ada 3.4 kerangka
teori. Jadi kerangka teori ini 3.4 kerangka teori ya. Ini dah betul-betul
tulisan Dr., saya sendiri tak faham . Okay kerangka teori ni, pemilihan teori
awak, teori apa. Jadi sekarang tadi kita memilih teori analisis wacana
Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019. Jadi lukislah kerangka, nama pun kerangka kan. Jadi
rangka, jadi tulis sini teoeri analisis wacana, kemudian awak letak tadi
seperti yang awak tulis, yang dapat tadilah. Nanti kejap ya saya ambil, okay
ini, jadi ini rangka dia. Okay ini rangka dia. Kemudian bawah ini, rajah 1
Teori Analisis Wacana Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019. Kemudian, bila dah ada yang
ini. Ini tadi 3 point berapa? 3.4 . Okay ni kerangka teori, dah sudah ini
barulah bawah ini huraikan tentang teori . Rajah 1 diatas … Dan dalam inilah
awak hurai kan satu satu satu ni huraian-huraian ni tentang teori Normaliza Abd
Rahim ini. Yang ini sahaja, lebih kurang 2 hingga 3 halaman, sebab ini penting
kerana huraian tentang teori ini penting kerana macam saya katakan sebelum ini
bahawa kita analisis data kita jalankan kajian mesti berpaksikan teori. Takda
teori memang payah nak jalan. Jadi takkan kita nak pakai analisis je. Ada juga
saya dapati bila saya jadi pemeriksa viva ya, ada juga pelajar yang bila dia
bentang-bentang memang terkejutlah mata saya terbuntang sekejap, ternganga
sekejap sebab dia kata tiada teori yang digunakan . Oh letih. Masatu memang
terkejut, memang tak tahu apa nak buat. Macam mana boleh analisis data, tiada
teori . Dia kata “Oo saya rasa”. Ini semua main saya rasa je ni memang tak
kemana lah, rasalah sendiri. Jadi sekarang ni rajah 1 huraikan semuanya,
tiap-tiap satu ini. Tapi ingat ya, huraian tentang teori janganlah salin
bulat-bulat. Macam contohnya teori saya ada dalam buku saya ni, Kajian Wacana
Strategi Komunkasi dan Aplikasi. Ada dalam ni teori disini. Adala budak yang
salin bulat-bulat, dia ingatkan kita ni tak tengok ke. Saya rajin membaca ya.
Jadi jangan ubah ayat, itu orang kata kena parafrasa (paraphrase), parafrasakan
ayat-ayat itu. Jadi tapi, kena sebutlah, Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019),
kandungan….. Jadi ceritakan, ceritakan tentang teori dan juga dalam teori ini
awak boleh juga cerita tentang teori analisis wacana Normaliza Abd Rahim
merujuk kepada teori yang dicadangkan oleh sape sape sape sebelum ini.
Memperbaiki teori yang terdahulu sebab teori yang lama semua yang didapati
1980, 1977 terlalu lama sedangkan kita perlu tahu bahawa pada zaman dulu, kita
manusia pun berbeza. Kita dah ada digital sekarang, manusia lebih banyak
bercakap dan berani bercakap secara maya dan juga sebenarnya itu memang boleh
buat kajian banyak ya. Dan juga bila bercakap sekarang kanak-kanak kecil kita
tanya satu dia jawab 46. Jadi dulu memang zaman dulu memang orang tua-tua
cakap, kita tanya satu soalan dia jawab 10 tapi sekarang zaman 2020 kita tanya
satu soalan dia jawab 47 jawapan. Memang kita nak dengar sampai kita kata stop,
tak berhenti-henti bagi jawapan. Siap kita pergi supermarket beli barang tak
habis-habis lagi bagi jawapan. Itu sekarang, kanak kanak sekarang. Sebab itu
kita tidak bolehlah, boleh pakai tetapi kadang-kadang tidak relevan dengan
keadaan sekarang ini. Tambahan pula, jika kita nak buat kajian tentang
interaksi, tentang ujaran, tentang penulisan, berbeza. Dulu punya tahun enam
tatabahasa dia berbeza dengan sekarang yang tahun enam yang nak dekat sama
dengan tingkatan lima zaman dulu. Jadi sangat berbeza, sebab itulah kita kalau
jumpa teori yang baharu, kita pakai yang baharu. Sebab orang yang membuat
kajian, nak melahirkan teoi ini dia telah membuat beratus-ratus kajian sebelum
dia dapat satu kajian teori ini. Seperti juga teori analisis wacana Normaliza
Abd Rahim ini, dia ni dah buat kajian nak dekat beratus baru dapat teori ini.
Itupun jenuh, bertukar-tukar, cuba ni lagi, cuba eksperimen lagi, eksperimen
yang itu tak jadi, tak jadi. Akhirnya dia dapat satu yang boleh sesuai dengan
keadaan zaman digital kita sekarang ini. Okay setelah buat kerangka teori ini,
kita ada 3.5 kerangka konseptual. Jadi kerangka konseptual ini mengikut
penyelia masing-masinglah sebab ada penyelia yang mengatakan kerangka
konseptual tu tatacara,ada yang mengatakan ini bukan kerangka konseptual. Saya
dah jelaskan dalam buku ini, sebenarnya semua ini tertakluk kepada penyelia
fakulti dan universiti, dia Cuma panduan je buku ni. Saya tak suruh pun beli
buku ni tapi kalau nak carilah kat Shoppee pun ada jual. Saya pun terkejut UPM
dia kata kat shoppee pun boleh beli. Okay sekarang ini kalau kita lihat contoh
yang saya nak tunjukkan tentang kerangka ni, okay. Yang ini, yang sebelah kiri
ni ya, ini menunjukkan kerangka konseptual. Ini untuk, ini saya. Macam saya
katakan tadi mungkin penyelia lain berbeza. Dia akan kata ni bukan kerangka
konseptual, ini macam tatacara, ini, itu, ada yang kata ini ada yang kata “oo
cara lain”. Takpe. Jangan bimbang jangan gusar pelajar ye, pelajar ikut je
cakap penyelia masing-masing. Ingat ya, ini panduan sahaja, saya nak ajar ni
pun cara saya nak bagi supaya oo awak dapat bayangkan “oo ini cara dia”. Tapi
bila awak buat mungkin lain, tidak mengapa, takde masalah ya. Jadi sekarang ini
bila kerangka konseptual tu ada, ni letak dalam satu halaman ya. Bila kerangka
konseptual tu ada, bila kita lihat sekali sedangkan awak dah hurai semua ni
dalam bab 3. Tapi bila sekali saya tengok, baru saya faham alur diatu, oo
gunakan ini, instrumen, oo bahan dia ini. jadi kita dapat lihatlah dengan lebih
jelas ini. Kalau saya nak terperinci, saya patah balik tengok dia punya huraian
bagi tiap-tiap satu subtopik itu.Bagi saya itulah kerangka konseptual . Jadi
bagi pelajar terpulanglah macam mana tapi ini bagi saya ini jelas. Okay kalau
nak tengok bahan, okay macamni, nak tengok lebih terperinci tengok dekat dalam
bab 3. Jadi ini letakkan di akhir, jadi yang ini 3.5 ini tidak perlu huraian,
langsung tak perlu huraian kerana huraian sudah pun dibuat, letak je kat atas
ni satu halaman memang habis. Kemudian, 3.6 terus masuk kesimpulan. Jadi dalam
kesimpulan ini macam biasa awak simpulkan dalam satu perenggan. Ingat ya, macam
saya katakan tadi semua bab ada kesimpulan kecuali bab 5. Semua bab ada
pengenalan takda kecuali. Jadi kena ada. Setiap bab pengenalan tu memang huraikan
apa dalam bab. Okay untuk bab 3, okay, biasanya tanya “Prof, berapa halaman ya
bab 3”. Jadi bab 3 ni kita sebenarnya tak, sebab kita cuma, benda-benda semua
huraian kita punya jadi tak perlu banyak. Bukanlah sampai 40 halaman. Dalam ni
pun diaada nyatakan. Biasanya yang ini saya kata tak perlu banyak 10 hingga 12
macam tu , jangan sampai 20 halaman .Kalau 20 halaman, bendala awak nak buat.
Mungkin yang banyak tu disini. Sinopsis cerita, mungkin itu yang banyak, tetapi
yang lain-lain tu semua sebab kita jelas macam kita cerita sampel, ini, ini dia
. bahan; ini dia. Kalau contoh kita buat kajian tentang Instagram, contohnya
kan. Kita letak bahan kita boleh screencapture satu contoh letak dekat situ.
Okay contoh yang Instagram tulah, kita boleh letak dekat situ. Tapi ni tak
perlulah sebab kita ada sinopsis bagi 20 cerita itu. Itu jadi lebih panjang
dapatlah 10 hingga 12 halaman. Sebab ini bukan bab analisis ini bab metodologi
cara kita menjalankan kajian. Okay selain daripada itu saya rasa untuk bab 3 kalau
lihat semua saya dah jelaskan dengan terperinci dan juga huraian bagi setiap
satu tu kena panjang ya (sampel, lokasi, bahan) kena panjang. Kadang-kadang ada
juga pelajar yang letak data rintis, contohnya, dalam prosedur ke lepas
prosedur tentang rintis, kajian rintis . Boleh juga sebab kita nak dimaklumkan
bhawa kajian rintis dijalankan. Kadang kadang, dia letak bab 3, boleh juga nak
diletakkan disitu. Kadang-kadang yelah kajian rintis ni melibatkan soal
selidik. Soal selidik kadang-kadang dirintiskan sebanyak dua tau tiga kali pun
tak betul jugak lagi. Cuba lagi banyak kali sehinggalah soal selidik itu
betul-betul sempurna. Jadi itu kita boleh jelaskan dalam ini. Tapi jika tidak
melibatkan soalan takpe. Kalau contohnya tadi, mana tadi ya? Okay, dalam bahan
ini tadi, ini bahan sebab kajian ini melibatkan skrip, skrip kan. Jadi kalau
melibatkan soalan temubual maknanya dalam sini kena ada. Kena adalah satu lagi
instrumen. Okay. Sebab ni tadi sebab tak pakai . Kalau yang melibatkan soal
selidik adalah instrumen. Jadi disinilah awak kena huraikan instrumen apa; soal
selidik. Okay. Jadi dalam soal selidik biasanya awak letak jelah. Kadang orang
letak dekat lampiran, boleh juga letak kat lampiran. Tapi, jelaskan apa yang
ada, okay. Bahagian A mengandungi lima soalan, apa dia. Bahagian B apa dia.
Bahagian C apa dia, apa dia. Jumlah soalan apa ni ni ni. Ini 3.4.1, lepastu
awak ada pulak soalan temubual. Temubual pulak macam mana jalan temubual,
temubual dijalankan dan juga soalan temubual letaklah soalan 1 apa dia 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7. Disinilah kalau awak nak letakkan tentang kajian rintis. Jadi adalah
semuanya disini. Itu kalau awak pakai instrumen, kalau takde tak perlu
letaklah. Jadi sekarang kena ada. Jadi kalau misalnya soal selidik tu taknak
letak kat sini, biasa orang letak dalam lampiran. Temubual, soalan temubual
boleh letak sebab tak banyak biasa soalan. Jadi biasanya kajian kita jalankan
kita perlu adalah triangulation. Maknanya sekarang dalam bahagian ni memang
kita ada temubual, kita ada soal selidik. Dan juga mungkin lagi satu dia ada
buat pemerhatian. Yelah kalau dia nak jumpa pelajar itu dan juga dia ni kena
ada pemerhatian. Okay, pastikan bahawa bila ada pemerhatian itu kita kena
jelaskan dengan pelajar macam mana cara dia. Okay, adakah awak pasang video
letak kat tepi? Awak perhatikan dia temubual, antara awak dengan pelajar tu
atau dua orang pelajar kat depan, awak kena letaklah video itu. Kena ceritakan,
ceritakan itu cara-caranya disini, cara-cara pemerhatian itu dijalankan.
Lepastu masa analisis prosedur tu awak jelaskan step by step tadi. Step by step
daripada mula sampai habis. Kalau nak asingkan ikut objektif pun tak apa sebab
objektif 1 awak tadi berbeza dengan objektif 2. Okay boleh faham tak ni? Jadi
saya harap, yang ini saya ulang balik kita ada pengenalan, rekabentuk, kaedah,
kita ada sampel, lokasi, bahan/instrumen. Ini memang ada nyata disini, saya
tertinggal, maaf ya. Jadi bahan, kita jelaskan bahan. Kalau kita ada bahanla
lepastu kita asingkan dengan instrumen. Instrumen yang kita gunakan. Jadi kalau
ada kedua-duanya, bubuh dua-dua sekali tapi pastikan penomboran itu berbeza.
Kita ada prosedur, analisis kemudian kita ada kerangka teori dan kerangka
konseptual dan akhirnya kesimpulan. Jadi dalam bab ini lebih kurang 10 hingga
12. Paling banyak pun 15. Jadi biasanya jarang pelajar dia buat sampai 15
halaman sebab takde apa yang kita boleh jelaskan dengan panjang lebar. Jadi
ingat ya, bab 3 ni sangat penting, bab 3 ni untuk kajian kita. Makna huraian
tentang bagaimana cara kita nak menjalankan kajian. Jadi yang dalam ini ya
ingat ya, tak perlulah bila awak tulis sampel kemudian awak buatlah definisi
sampel. Nak buat apa? Kita tak mahu nak baca tentangnya. Lepastu, lokasi, ada
juga pelajar letak “definisi lokasi menurut kamus dewan….”. Memanglah nak kena
garis dengan pen merahla tu. Tak perlu definisi. Definisi-definisi ini semua
tak perlu. Sebab yang ini semua ni kita punya, pelajar punya. Kecuali yang ini
je yang mungkin awak nak cerita sedikit, adalah definisi, bukanlah definisi
tapi adalah rujukan, bolehlah. Kalau takde rujukan takde masalah. Sebab, ingat
bab 3 ni kita punya kecuali teori. Teori bukanlah kita punya. Itu sahaja, teori
tu bukan kita punya, yang lain tu memang kita punya sebab kita nak bagi
pemeriksa faham tentang macam mana kajian dijalankan. Kita nak bagitahu bahawa
kalau misalnya pelajar lain bila baca, merujuk tesis kita, mereka akan faham
terus tentang bagaimana kajian kita ni dijalankan.
TERJEMAHAN BAHASA
INGGERIS
8. Methodology (Chapter 3) #LetsWriteAThesis
Okay we've got to chapter 3 yes.
Chapter 3 is a methodology chapter, this methodology is ours if we misinterpret
it, if we misinterpret it, everything will work out. So, if we look at chapter
3, okay, we have a lot of subtopics, the purpose is for us to understand and
the examiners also understand, other people everywhere in Malaysia, abroad when
reading also understand because we describe the way we conduct research. That
is the name of the methodology. So here we see, we have many subtopics, yes,
many subtopics here namely introduction, study design, research methods. The
research method is divided into samples, if necessary, it means if we use a
sample. And also, we have a location, if we use the respondents to go to school
or near anywhere or the villagers. Then we have research materials or
instruments, we have procedures, theoretical framework analysis, conceptual
framework and even conclusions. Okay as usual our introduction, our
introduction earlier in one paragraph, that there is no problem that is 3.1
introduction. Then we have a design, okay design, in the design the description
is short je actually, in one paragraph only, we do not confuse yes. We just, in
this design we Just want to explain that we use qualitative or quantitative. So
that, if we use both, we explain. Okay so for example you want to make a little
reference near here, according to anyone. But it is natural not to give a
definition. What do we want to do for definition, quantitative definition and
then qualitative, what do we want to do? No need to give this. Only we give
that reason remember yes chapter 3 is a description of our study, our study
that wants to do this. So in one paragraph the story is qualitative or
quantitative or both. Then we insert into the new 3.3 study method. This is the
only method we want to conduct this study, yes, what method do we use. So here,
if we use our sample, who is it? Okay let's give an example yes if my study
sample uses 20 students, so I have to make sure that I have to describe in
detail that is, I use primary school, how many boys, how many girls, 9 years
old is specific yes, specific. The man and woman have to write how many men,
how many women. This primary school, our primary school students have said
primary school then there is another subtopic that is location. We have to put
this location, for example, for example, Serdang National School. The problem
now is I know where the school is, okay, the inspector does not know. Okay, the
inspector may be 3 other countries may not know where. Maybe we have to put the
coordinates, okay, and better put the map. Map from google map to, from what
clearly shows the location of this school from the main road from what so that
‘oo this school is here”. And also, you have to know this school is rural or
urban, it has to be clear, detailed. That is what I said in this methodology
needs to be detailed. So, location. Then we have the material, just now we have
this study just about the textual discourse of the animated script. So now I
have a sample, I have a location, this study is indeed, the sample, we take the
school students, we want to interview about the animated script. I also have
ingredients. Okay, or the instrument I used. So, this is the instrument I used
to animate, right, animated folklore. So now tell me about this material, a
story about the animation of folk tales published by the library language
library written by Normaliza Abd Rahim this year. This is the folklore
animation I wrote yes and the songs, song lyrics, scripts are all I made. And
published by the library language hall and if you want to see it, you can look
near the google store, I already have it in the google store. There are 33
stories and 33 songs, this is a sudden promotion. Okay, now it is possible if
anyone wants to show it to a conscious child or a neighbor has a conscious
child or a neighbor has a neighbor has a neighbor has a conscious child or even
his child is a grandchild. It actually cheap and cost us all that, it's I who
created the animation, which indeed I made and board language and literature
derive meaning good language and folklore is folklore wither we look down by
decades. Go to google, google apple store nearest. Oh my gosh. Okay, so now
that we have included this material, then here we will also put, ape, synopsis
of folklore, for example the title of folklore number 1 which is paradise. Here
is an example. Example yes. I have a synopsis near here. I need to put a
synopsis because now we need to remember, we know this story but the examiner
does not know the name of the person who wants to read the thesis we do not
know, so we put the synopsis. If for example this story, I took 20 folk tales
so take 20 folk tales are placed here, in this must be placed. need to park
then we go to. What a material. Procedural material. So, we have to put our
procedure sometimes, it depends on the student and also the supervisor, yes,
there are procedures that he puts in the form of points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to 10.
Some put in the form of paragraphs meaning if there are five procedures, place
five paragraphs. No problem. As long as we know that the first procedure has
something to do with the second procedure, it has to do with the third, fourth.
Is the connection. Do not number 1 you say, you take, you call the student or
just follow objective 1 he identifies the textual discourse script. You take
the animated script and then you analyze it using… Suddenly the second
procedure you called the students, to give an opinion. When he called the boy
to read the script, when it seemed like the step, the procedure, every step
jumped. So wrong. So, make sure this depends on the form of points or
paragraphs but make sure it depends on how you conduct the study. That is
important. Steps on how to conduct the study you know, everyone else does not
know. So, step by step, one by one. Okay back to 3.5 is an analysis. This
analysis is important because now we have 2 objectives. So, you describe
according to the objective can also. So, you describe the first analysis used
in this way. So, this is where you will put yourself for coding earlier.
Remember the coding that I told you in, close in chapter 4 earlier. What an
example, jap ye. Okay, for example you have coded SK1 to SK30 is a script,
script 1 is this script. S1 to S30, sample 1 to sample 30. So that, so this analysis
you have to explain and the description earlier you are clear SK, this is
common sometimes people do in the form of a table, that is in the meaning here
SK means script okay means sk1 means script 1. The sample you want to use
sample 1 means sample 1. Here he has a box. Later your description SK story
refers to anything he, explain description explain. This is why coding is so
important. Because in the data if we do not have coding coding, we want to put
this we do not understand, not every time we want to type the word script one
skip, two skip three. It can't be that way. And also, this one before you,
there must be another schedule that shows SK1 what does the story mean?
Paradise. Okay SK2 what story? Okay sparrows, for example him. These are the titles
from the script. The script you got from the animated script story earlier. It
has to be placed after the description, place the description. Then down there
you tell me how you analyzed the data. Give an example of how you analyze. So,
this one is sometimes a smart student, he looks at chapter 4. Okay how did he
bring chapter 4 a little here, an example of analysis so that the examiner
understands. Oh, this is how he analyzes apparently for objective one. Oh, this
is how he analyzes for objective two. Separate the way you want to describe the
analysis of object one with objective two and objective three. That is where
the examiner will understand how to analyze this data. Next, after he did some
analysis, we have 3.4 theoretical framework. So this theoretical framework 3.4
theoretical framework yes. This is exactly what Dr. wrote, I myself do not
understand. Okay this theoretical framework, the selection of your theory, what
theory. So now we have chosen the theory of discourse analysis Normaliza Abd Rahim
2019. So draw a framework, the name of the framework right. So skeleton, so
write here discourse analysis discourse, then you put it just like you wrote,
which can be. I'll take it later, okay, so this is this skeleton. Okay this is
the research framework. Then below, figure 1 of Normaliza Abd Rahim discourse
analysis theory 2019. Then, when there is this one. How many points was this 3?
3.4. Okay this is the theoretical framework, it’s already here and then below
describe the theory. Figure 1 above… And in this you explain one by one these
descriptions of this theory of Normaliza Abd Rahim. This one alone, about 2 to
3 pages, this reason is important because the description of this theory is
important because like I said before that we analyze the data, we conduct the
study must be centered on theory. No theory is really hard to walk. So we do
not want to use je analysis. There are also I found when I became a viva
examiner yes, there are also students who when he stretched out really
surprised my eyes widened for a moment, gaped for a moment because he said no
theory was used. Oh tired. That time was really surprised, he really did not
know what to do. How can data analysis, no theory? He said "Oo I
guess". This is all I think, this je is not going anywhere, feel it for
yourself. So now figure 1 describes everything, each one. But remember, the
description of the theory should not be completely copied. For example, my
theory is in my book, Discourse Study of Communication Strategies and
Applications. It is in this theory here. As a boy who copied completely, he
reminded us not to look. I am diligent in reading yes. So do not change the
verse, that people say paraphrase (paraphrase), paraphrase those verses. So
but, it should be mentioned, "Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), content…
..". So tell, tell about the theory and also in this theory you can also
tell the story about the theory of discourse analysis Normaliza Abd Rahim
refers to the theory proposed by anyone who was before. Improving previous
theories because the old theories all found in 1980, 1977 are too old whereas
we need to know that in ancient times, we humans were different. We have
digital now, people talk more and dare to speak virtually and in fact that can
do a lot of research. And also, when talking now small children we ask one he
answered 46. So, in the old days it was the old people said, we asked one
question he answered 10 but now in 2020 we ask one question he answered 47
answers. Indeed, we want to hear until we say stop, do not stop for answers. We
are ready to go to the supermarket to buy endless items for answers. That now,
children now. That is why we cannot, can wear but sometimes not relevant to the
current situation. Furthermore, if we want to do research on interaction, on
speech, on writing, it is different. He used to have a six-year grammar, he is
different from now, a six-year-old who wants to be close to the form five of
the past. So, it is very different, that is why we if we find a new theory, we
adopt a new one. Because the person who did the research, wanted to produce
this theory he had done hundreds of studies before he got a study of this
theory. Like Normaliza Abd Rahim's discourse analysis theory, he has done
research to get hundreds of new people to get this theory. That one saturated,
exchanged, tried this again, tried the experiment again, that experiment did
not happen, did not happen. Finally, he got one that can fit the current state
of our digital age. Okay after creating this theoretical framework, we have 3.5
conceptual frameworks. So, this conceptual framework is according to their
respective supervisors because some supervisors say that the conceptual
framework is a procedure, some say this is not a conceptual framework. I have
explained in this book, in fact all this is subject to faculty and university
supervisors, he is just a guide for this book. I did not even tell you to buy
this book, but if you want to look for it at the Shopee, there is a sale. I was
also surprised that UPM said that Shopee can also buy. Okay now if we look at
the example I want to show about this framework, okay. This one, the one on the
left, yes, this shows the conceptual framework. This is for, this is me. Like I
said earlier, maybe other supervisors are different. He will say this is not a
conceptual framework, this is like a procedure, this, that, some say this some
say oo the other way. It’s okay. Do not worry do not worry students, students
follow je say their respective supervisors. Remember, this is just a guide, I
want to teach this is also the way I want to share so that oo you can imagine
oo this is his way. But if you do something else, it doesn't matter, it doesn't
matter. So now when the conceptual framework exists, it is located in one page.
When the conceptual framework exists, when we look at it once while you have
described all this in chapter 3. But when I look at it once, I only understand
the flow there, oo use this, the instrument, oo this material. So, we can see
this more clearly. If I want to be detailed, I look back and see that he has a
description for each of the subtopics. For me that is the conceptual framework.
So, for students it depends on how but this for me is clear. Okay if you want
to see the material, okay like this, want to look in more detail look closely
in chapter 3. So put this at the end, so this 3.5 does not need a description,
there is no need for a description because the description has already been
made, put it on top of this one page is finished. Then, 3.6 continues to enter
the conclusion. So, in this conclusion as usual you conclude in one paragraph.
Remember yes, like I said earlier all chapters have conclusions except chapter
5. All chapters have no introduction except. So, there must be. Each
introductory chapter does describe what is in the chapter. Okay for chapter 3,
okay, usually ask "Prof, how many pages is chapter 3". So, chapter 3
we actually do not, because we just, the things all the descriptions we have so
do not need much. Not up to 40 pages. In this there is also a statement.
Usually, this one I say does not need many 10 to 12 like that, not up to 20
pages. If 20 pages, you want to make a flag. Maybe that's a lot here. Synopsis
of the story, maybe that's a lot, but the others are all because we are clear
like we are a sample story, this, this is him. material; this is it. If for
example we do a study on Instagram, for example. We put the material we can
screen capture an example put near there. Okay example that Instagram plague,
we can put near there. But this is not necessary because we have a synopsis for
the 20 stories. That should be 10 to 12 pages longer. Because this is not a
chapter of analysis this chapter of methodology the way we conduct research.
Okay apart from that I think for chapter 3 if you look at everything I have
explained in detail and also the description for each one has to be long yes
(sample, location, material) had to be long. Sometimes there are also students
who put the pilot data, for example, in the post-procedure procedure about the
pilot, the pilot study. It could also be because we want to be informed that a
pilot study is being conducted. Sometimes, he puts chapter 3, can also be
placed there. Sometimes this pilot study involves questionnaires.
Questionnaires are sometimes pioneered two or three times, but they are not
correct anymore. Try again and again until the questionnaire is completely
perfect. So that we can explain in this. But if it does not involve no matter
questions. If for example, where was it? Okay, in this material just now, this
is the material because this study involves scripts, scripts right. So, if it
involves interview questions, the meaning here must be there. It is another
instrument. Okay. Because this was the reason, I did not wear it. If the
questionnaire involves instruments. So, this is where you have to describe what
instrument; questionnaire. Okay. So, in the questionnaire you usually put it
clearly. Sometimes people place near the attachment, can also place near the
attachment. But, explain what is there, okay. Part A contains five questions,
what is he. Part B is what he is. Part C is what he is, what he is. The number
of questions is what this is. This is 3.4.1, then you have an interview
question. Interviews how the interview process, interviews are conducted and also
the interview questions put question 1 what is he 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. This is
where you want to put about a pilot study. So it is all here. That is if you
use an instrument, if you do not need to put it. So now there must be. So, if
for example the questionnaire does not want to be placed here, people usually
put it in the appendix. Interviews, interview questions can be placed because
there are not many common questions. So usually, the study we run we need is
triangulation. This means that now in this section we do have an interview, we
have a questionnaire. And maybe another one he has for observation. If he wants
to meet the student and also, he has to have an observation. Okay, make sure
that when there is an observation, we have to explain to the student what kind
of way he is. Okay, did you put a video on the side? You watched him interview,
between you and the student or two students in the future, you have to put the
video. Need to tell, the story is the ways here, the ways of observation are
carried out. Then during the analysis of the procedure, you explained step by
step earlier. Step by step from start to finish. If you want to separate follow
the objective, it doesn't matter because your objective 1 was different from
objective 2. Okay, can you understand this? So, I hope, this one I repeat we
have an introduction, design, method, we have a sample, location, material /
instrument. This is real here, I was left behind, sorry. So material, we
explain the material. If we have the material then we separate it with the
instrument. The instrument we use. So, if you have both, put them both at once
but make sure the numbering is different. We have procedures, analysis then we
have theoretical frameworks and conceptual frameworks and finally conclusions. So,
in this chapter about 10 to 12. At most 15. So usually, his students rarely
make up to 15 pages because there is nothing we can explain at length. So,
remember, chapter 3 is very important, chapter 3 is for our study. The meaning
of the description of how we want to conduct research. So deep in this yes
remember yes, there is no need when you write a sample then you make a sample
definition. What do you want to do? We do not want to read about it. Then,
location, there are also students put "location definition according to
the “Kamus Dewan"”. Of course, I want to draw a line with that red pen. No
definition required. These definitions are all unnecessary. Because this is all
we have, students have. Except for this one, maybe you want to tell a little story,
it is a definition, not a definition but a reference, okay. If there is no
reference there will be no problem. Because, remember this chapter 3 we have
except theory. The theory is not ours. That alone, the theory is not ours, the
other is that we do have a reason we want the examiner to understand how the
study is conducted. We want to tell you that if for example other students when
reading, refer to our thesis, they will understand directly about how our study
is conducted.
RUJUKAN
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BUKTI KEHADIRAN MINGGU 11